Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line two cupcake pans with 16 paper liners.
Mix the dry ingredients: In a medium bowl, whisk together the cake flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
Cream the butter and sugar: In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, beat the softened butter and granulated sugar on medium-high speed until light and fluffy, 3–4 minutes. Don't shortcut this step — this is where the cupcakes get their tender crumb.
Add the eggs: With the mixer on medium, add the egg whites one at a time, beating well after each addition. Add the whole egg and beat until smooth. Mix in the vanilla extract.
Combine the wine and sour cream: In a measuring cup or small bowl, combine the ½ cup sparkling rosé and the sour cream. It will look slightly curdled — that's fine.
Mix the batter: With the mixer on low speed, add the dry ingredients in three additions, alternating with the wine-sour cream mixture in two additions, beginning and ending with the dry. Mix only until just combined. Add the pink gel food coloring now if using. Overmixing is the number one way to ruin this batter.
Bake: Divide the batter evenly among the prepared liners, filling each about ⅔ full (a #16 cookie scoop gives perfect portions). Bake for 18–22 minutes, until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out with a few moist crumbs and the tops spring back lightly when touched.
Cool and soak: Let the cupcakes cool in the pans for 5 minutes, then transfer them to a wire rack. While the cupcakes are still warm, combine the 2 tablespoons sparkling rosé and 1 tablespoon sugar in a small bowl. Microwave for 8–10 seconds, then whisk until the sugar fully dissolves. Brush the soak generously over the top of each cupcake. The microwave step is important — granulated sugar doesn't dissolve well in cold sparkling wine, and you don't want sugar grit on the finished cupcakes.
Cool completely: Allow the cupcakes to cool completely on the wire rack before filling and frosting, about 1 hour.